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MMW/THz Photonic over Fiber

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Commanding the full electromagnetic (EM) spectrum (near 1 MHz to around 0.3 THz), which includes generation, modulation, wireless transmission, and detection, plays an important role in modern electronic warfare, THz bandwidth measurement instruments (network analyzer), and the next-generation of wireless communication at the millimeter-wave or THz wave bands. However, there are many challenges to building a THz system which can cover and process such a wide bandwidth (from 0 Hz~0.3 THz), such as the limited fractional bandwidth of the impedance matching circuit and the very high propagation loss (and dispersion) in either a millimeter-wave (MMW) coaxial cable or metallic waveguide near the THz regime. These difficulties can result in problems with system level interconnection and integration. The photonic approach is one possible solution to overcome the afore-mentioned problems. The use of an optical fiber as the transmission line in the photonic-assisted THz system can greatly reduce the huge loss and dispersion that occurs in metallic THz waveguides and coaxial cables. In these systems, ultra-fast photodiodes (PDs) serve as the key component, which usually determines the maximum allowable operating frequency and dynamic range (output power). By use of the developed ultra-fast PDs, Prof. Shi continuously has high-impact contribution in this area over these years. He has demonstrated photonic wireless linking with extremely-high OOK data rate as 25 Gbit/sec, radar with record-high resolution (< 1 cm) all at sub-THz regime (100 GHz), and THz photonic transmitter mixer with record-high fractional bandwidth (0.1-0.3 THz).


Figure 1 shows the conceptual diagram of MMW/THz over fiber communication system


Figure 2 (a) shows the demonstrated photonic transmitter-mixer structure and (b) shows the corresponding system building block-diagram.


Figure 3 shows the (a)The measured –log (BER) at 25 Gbit/s (PRBS: 215-1) versus transmission distance realized with the PTM at a fixed output photocurrent at 15 mA. (b) The corresponding eye-pattern at 0.3m.


Figure 4 shows the top-view of the fabricated THz photonic transmitter chip: (a) before; and (b) after flip-chip bonding.


Figure 5 shows the the measured O-E frequency responses for our wireless transmission channel (photonic transmitter with receiving antenna) design obtained using our home-made transmitter (black trace) and the commercial one (green trace). Our achieved fractional 3-dB bandwidth (0.1-0.3 THz) is the record among all the reported transmitter.


Related papers：

1. Y.-S. Wu, Nan-Wei Chen, and J.-W. Shi, “A W-Band Photonic Transmitter/Mixer Based on High-Power Near-Ballistic Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode (NBUTC-PD),” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 20, pp. 1799-1801, Nov., 2008.

2. J.-W. Shi, F.-M. Kuo, Y.-S. Wu, Nan-Wei Chen, Po-Tsung Shih, Chun-Ting Lin, Wen-Jr Jiang, Er-Zih Wong, Jason (Jyehong) Chen, and Sien Chi, “W-Band Photonic Transmitter-Mixer Based on High-Power Near-Ballistic Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiodes for BPSK and QPSK Data Transmission under Bias Modulation” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 21, pp. 1039-1041, Aug., 2009.

3. F.-M. Kuo, J.-W. Shi, Shao-Ning Wang , Nan-Wei Chen, Po-Tsung Shih, Chun-Ting Lin, Wen-Jr Jiang, Er-Zih Wong, Jason (Jyehong) Chen, and Sien Chi “W-Band Wireless Data Transmission by the Integration of a Near-Ballistic Uni-Traveling-Carrier Photodiode (NBUTC-PD) with a Horn Antenna Fed by a Quasi-Yagi Radiator,” IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol., 30, pp. 1167-1169, Nov., 2009.

4. C. W. Chow, F. M. Kuo, J.-W. Shi, C. H. Yeh, Y. F. Wu, C. H. Wang, Y. T. Li, C. L. Pan, “100 GHz ultra-wideband (UWB) fiber-to-the-antenna (FTTA) system for in-building and in-home networks,” Optics Express, vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 473-478, Jan., 2010.

5. Nan-Wei Chen, Hsuan-Ju Tsai, Fon-Ming Kuo, and Jin-Wei Shi, “High-Speed W-Band Integrated Photonic Transmitter for Radio-Over-Fiber Applications,” IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 978-986, April, 2011.

6. J.-W. Shi, C.-B. Huang, and C.-L. Pan, “Millimeter-wave Photonic Wireless Links for Very-High Data Rate Communication,” NPG Asia Materials, vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 41-48, April, 2011. (Invited review article)

7. J.-W. Shi, F.-M. Kuo, Nan-Wei Chen, S. Y. Set, C.-B. Huang, and J. E. Bowers, “Photonic Generation and Wireless Transmission of Linearly/Nonlinearly Continuously Tunable Chirped Millimeter-Wave Waveforms with High Time-Bandwidth Product at W-band,” IEEE Photonics Journal, vol. 4, pp. 215-223, Feb., 2012.

8. Nan-Wei Chen, Jin-Wei Shi, Fong-Ming Kuo, Jeffery Hesler, Thomas W. Crowe, and John E. Bowers, “25 Gbits/sec Error-Free Wireless Link between Ultra-Fast W-Band Photonic Transmitter-Mixer and Envelop Detector,” Optics Express, vol. 20, No. 19, pp. 21223-21234, Sep., 2012.

9. Tzu-Fang Tseng, Jhih-Min Wun, Wei Chen, Sui-Wei Peng, Jin-Wei Shi, and Chi-Kuang Sun,“High-depth-resolution 3-dimensional radar-imaging system based on a few-cycle W-band photonic millimeter-wave pulse generator,” Optics Express, vol. 21, No. 12, pp. 14109-14119, June, 2013.

10. Y. Li, A. Rashidinejad, J.-M. Wun, D. E. Leaird, J.-W. Shi, and A. M. Weiner, “Photonic Generation of W-band Arbitrary Waveforms with High Time-Bandwidth Products Enabling 3.9mm Range Resolution,” Optica vol. 1, no. 6, pp. 446-454, Dec., 2014.

11. Nan-Wei Chen, Jhih-Min Wun, Hao-Chen Wang, Rui-Lin Chao, Chris Koh, C. H. Dreyfus and Jin-Wei Shi, “Design and Analysis of Waveguide-Coupled Photonic THz Transmitters with an Extremely Wide Fractional Bandwidth,” IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 36, pp. 4235-4242, Oct., 2018.

12. J. Hulme, M. J. Kennedy, Rui-Lin Chao, Linjun Liang, Tin Komljenovic, Jin-Wei Shi, Bogdan Szafraniec, Doug Baney, and J. E. Bowers, “Fully integrated microwave frequency synthesizer on heterogeneous silicon-III/V,” Optics Express, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 279613, Feb., 2017.

13. Rui-Lin Chao, Linjun Liang, Jin-Wei Shi, Tin Komljenovic, Jared Hulme, M. J. Kennedy, and J. E. Bowers, “Fully Integrated Photonic Millimeter-Wave Tracking Generators on the Heterogeneous III-V/Si Platform” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 919-922, May, 2018.

14. Bohao Liu, Suparna Seshadri, Jhih-Min Wun, Nathan P. O’Malley, Daniel E. Leaird, Nan-Wei Chen, Jin-Wei Shi, and Andrew M. Weiner, "W-Band Photonic Pulse Compression Radar with Dual Transmission Mode Beamforming," IEEE/OSA Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1619-1628, March, 2021, doi: 10.1109/JLT.2020.3038846.